Alina Dumitrache (Păunescu), Monica Ileana Baniță, Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi, Monica Marilena Țânțu, Ana Cătălina Țânțu, Nicoleta Anca Șuțan, Liliana Cristina Soare, Maria Cristina Ponepal
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biochemical indices, epidemiological evidence, immunohistochemical parameters, histopathological observation
Chronic liver disease represents a major global health burden characterized by progressive evolution from inflammation to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate evaluation of liver damage is essential for diagnosis, prognosis and clinical management. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the role of histopathological and immunohistochemical indices in the assessment of liver disease.
Attention is given to key biomarkers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD5L which reflect hepatic stellate cell activation, inflammation and fibrogenesis. In addition, non-invasive methos including serum-based indices (APRI, FIB-4, GPR) and imaging technique are increasingly used in clinical practice.
Although non-invasive approaches offer significant advantages, histopathological evaluation remains the reference standards. The integration of these methods may improve diagnostic accuracy and patient monitoring, although further validation of emerging biomarkers is required for clinical implementation and improved patient outcomes.
Cite this paper: Dumitrache (Paunescu), A., Banita, M.I., Pisoschi, C.G., Țânțu, M.M., Țânțu, A.C., Șuțan, N.A., Soare, L.C., Ponepal, M.C., (2025). CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: AN INTEGRATED REVIEW OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE. Current Trends in Natural Sciences, 14(28), 06-27. https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2025.v14i28.001
